Thymosin Alpha-1
C$57.99
For Research Purpose Only
Thymosin Alpha-1 (TA1) is a thymic polypeptide implicated in immune modulation, primarily through T-cell differentiation and cytokine regulation. It is a component of Thymosin Fraction 5 and has been synthetically developed as Thymalfasin, a 28-amino acid derivative of Prothymosin Alpha.
Research suggests TA1 enhances major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression, promotes natural killer (NK) cell activity, and facilitates interleukin-2 receptor expression, potentially augmenting T-cell proliferation and immune responses. Studies indicate its role in cytokine-mediated inflammation, macrophage efficiency, and alpha thrombin activity modulation.
Clinical investigations into TA1’s applications include immune deficiencies, hepatitis, sepsis, HIV, and oncology. Its reported ability to influence virological response rates in hepatitis patients, mitigate sepsis-associated immunosuppression, and interact with molecular pathways regulating oxidative stress and tumor cell proliferation underscores its therapeutic interest. However, further studies are needed to clarify its mechanistic actions and clinical viability.
Thymosin Alpha-1 (TA1) has been investigated for its immunomodulatory potential in HIV and cancer research.
HIV Research
In a phase II clinical trial, TA1 was administered alongside HAART to 13 participants, while 7 received a placebo. Over 12 weeks, CD4/CD8 counts, CD45 levels, and sjTREC markers were monitored. While TA1 did not significantly alter T-cell populations, it was associated with increased sjTREC levels, suggesting possible thymic reconstitution without a notable impact on overall T-cell recovery.
Cancer Research
TA1’s influence on reactive oxygen species (ROS) was examined in liver carcinoma models. It increased leukomonocyte ROS levels while reducing oxidative stress in HepG2 cells, potentially suppressing tumor proliferation via Akt pathway dephosphorylation.
In lung cancer (A549) cells, TA1 demonstrated anti-proliferative effects at 24–48 μg/mL, improved antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, SOD, GPx), and inhibited migration in a dose-dependent manner. Its role in oxidative stress modulation supports further research into its therapeutic applications.
TA1 is available exclusively for research and laboratory use. Please review our Terms and Conditions before proceeding.
Quantity
Molecular Makeup
Molecular Formula: C129H215N33O55
Molecular Weight: 3108.31 g/mol
Other Known Titles: TA1, Tα1, Thymalfasin
Research Insights
Scientific Insights
Thymosin Alpha-1 is a synthetic peptide known for its immune-modulating properties. It interacts with toll-like receptors (TLR-2 and TLR-9), influencing cytokine production, immune regulation, and cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms.
Key Benefits
- Supports Immune System Function – May stimulate T-cell maturation and enhance immune defense against infections.
- Potential Hepatitis Treatment – Studies suggest a 40.6% improved virological response in Hepatitis B patients and synergistic benefits with interferon-alpha for Hepatitis C.
- Sepsis Mortality Reduction – Clinical trials indicate lower mortality rates in sepsis patients following Thymosin Alpha-1 exposure.
- HIV Immune Enhancement – Research suggests Thymosin Alpha-1 may improve thymic function and sjTREC levels, aiding immune reconstitution.
- Anticancer Properties – Studies indicate reduced tumor growth, modulated oxidative stress, and anti-proliferative effects on liver and lung cancer cells.
- Cardiovascular and Antioxidant Support – Potential improvement in oxidative balance, reducing cellular ROS levels and strengthening antioxidant defenses.